Advanced methods in the surgical treatment of pancreatic tumors

Abstract

The basic method of treating patients with pancreatic tumors is surgery, which involves complete removal of the tumor. The growing experience of surgeons and improved technical capabilities make it possible to perform extensive resections without increasing the complication rate. Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the standard treatment method for patients with a head tumor or an uncinate process of the pancreas. Modifications of this method that allow preservation of the pylorus do not affect long-term oncological results. Involvement of large arterial vessels was a contraindication for resection in patients with pancreatic tumors. Involvement of the middle mesenteric vein is not in itself a criterion of inoperability. Current surgical practices have described a regional pancreatectomy approach that includes "en bloc" resection of the peripancreatic soft tissue, regional lymph nodes with resection of the portal vein, and the superior mesenteric artery. "Minimally invasive" surgical procedures, performed through a small incision, are preferred in the treatment of pancreatic tumors. The technologies used today are considered the most important developments in modern surgery and offer many advantages for patients and doctors compared to classic open surgery. Laparoscopic and robotic surgery, compared to open surgery, minimize the length of hospital stay and offer the patient a faster recovery.